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很多情况下,我们需要一个Singleton窗体,比如,任务管理器就可以是windows应用系统中的一个Singleton,于是我们这样做:在窗体类的实现中添加一个静态指向单件的成员,提供一个静态的CreateInstance方法,当第一次调用此方法时创建单件。另外还要处理Closing事件,以使点击窗体右上角的“×”时,隐藏窗体。每次需要实现一个单件窗体时都要这么做,于是我决定写一个基类ISingletonDisplayer,一个窗体不用作任何改变,只需要将原来的基类Form改为ISingletonDisplayer就变成一个Singleton窗体,这就很方便了。先给出在VS2003中的实现。 public class ISingletonDisplayer : Form //从Form继承 { private static ISingletonDisplayer singleton = null ; private static bool toClean = false ; protected ISingletonDisplayer() { this.Closing += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(ISingletonDisplayer_Closing); } #region static for singleton #region GetSingleton public static ISingletonDisplayer GetSingleton() { if(ISingletonDisplayer.singleton != null) { ISingletonDisplayer.singleton.Visible = true ; } return ISingletonDisplayer.singleton ; } #endregion #region ReCreateSingleton //formOnUI存在是因为窗体只能在主线程(UI线程)中创建。 public static void ReCreateSingleton(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI) { Type supType = typeof(ISingletonDisplayer) ; if(! supType.IsAssignableFrom(targetType)) { throw new Exception("Target type is not derived from ISingletonDisplayer !") ; } if(formOnUI.InvokeRequired) { object[] paras = {targetType ,args ,formOnUI} ; formOnUI.Invoke(new CBackCreateForm(ISingletonDisplayer.ReCreateSingleton) ,paras) ; } else { try { ISingletonDisplayer.toClean = false ; ISingletonDisplayer.singleton = (ISingletonDisplayer)Activator.CreateInstance(targetType ,args) ; ISingletonDisplayer.singleton.Visible = false ; } catch(Exception ee) { throw ee ; } } } #endregion #region DestroySingleton public static void DestroySingleton() { ISingletonDisplayer.toClean = true ; if(ISingletonDisplayer.singleton != null) { ISingletonDisplayer.singleton.Close() ; ISingletonDisplayer.singleton = null ; } } #endregion #endregion #region ISingletonDisplayer_Closing private void ISingletonDisplayer_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) { if(! ISingletonDisplayer.toClean) { this.Visible = false ; e.Cancel = true ; return ; } } #endregion } internal delegate void CBackCreateForm(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI) ; * 使用方法: * 如果一个Displayer需要以Singleton模式呈现,那么可以先以常规的方式设计Displayer,设计过程中不需要涉及任何与单件 * 相关的东西。设计完后,只要将Displayer的基类由Form改为ISingletonDisplayer即可。接下来即可以单件的模式使用Displayer了。 * * 如: * public class AppServersInfoForm2 : ISingletonDisplayer{} * object[] args = {obj} ; * ISingletonDisplayer.ReCreateSingleton(typeof(AppServersInfoForm2) ,args ,formOnUI) ; 上面的实现很容易理解,但是上面的实现有一个弊病,因为所有的单件窗体都要公用一个静态的ISingletonDisplayer singleton 成员,所以一个应用程序中只能有一个单件继承自ISingletonDisplayer。/ 在VS2005中可以使用泛型突破此限制。 下面在看看在VS2005中的实现。 public class ISingletonDisplayer<T> : Form { private static ISingletonDisplayer<T> singleton = null ; private static bool toClean = false ; protected ISingletonDisplayer() { this.Closing += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(ISingletonDisplayer_Closing); } public static ISingletonDisplayer<T> GetSingleton() { if(ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton != null) { ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton.Visible = true ; } return ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton ; } public static void ReCreateSingleton(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI) { Type supType = typeof(ISingletonDisplayer) ; if(! supType.IsAssignableFrom(targetType)) { throw new Exception("Target type is not derived from ISingletonDisplayer<T> !") ; } if(formOnUI.InvokeRequired) { object[] paras = {targetType ,args ,formOnUI} ; formOnUI.Invoke(new CBackCreateForm(ISingletonDisplayer<T>.ReCreateSingleton) ,paras) ; } else { try { ISingletonDisplayer<T>.toClean = false ; ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton = (ISingletonDisplayer<T>)Activator.CreateInstance(targetType ,args) ; ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton.Visible = false ; } catch(Exception ee) { throw ee ; } } } public static void DestroySingleton() { ISingletonDisplayer<T>.toClean = true ; if(ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton != null) { ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton.Close() ; ISingletonDisplayer<T>.singleton = null ; } } private void ISingletonDisplayer_Closing(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e) { if(! ISingletonDisplayer<T>.toClean) { this.Visible = false ; e.Cancel = true ; return ; } } } internal delegate void CBackCreateForm(Type targetType ,object[] args , Form formOnUI) ; 如: public class AppServersInfoForm2 : ISingletonDisplayer<AppServersInfoForm2>{} object[] args = {obj} ; ISingletonDisplayer<AppServersInfoForm2>.ReCreateSingleton(typeof(AppServersInfoForm2) ,args ,this) ; 这样每个单件都有自己的静态实例,就不会相互干扰了。 如果你有更好的实现方法,欢迎和我讨论
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